Multi Fetal Pregnancy Reduction A Moral Dilemma Essay

1 Running Head: MULTI FETAL PREGNANCY REDUCTION: A MORAL DILEMMA 12 MULTI FETAL PREGNANCY REDUCTION: A MORAL DILEMMA Multi-fetal pregnancy reduction in relation to In-vitro Fertilization Application of the Moral Model Diane Molloy Wilkes University N 602 ? Abstract Over the last three decades, reproductive technology has changed the ability of women who either had difficulty getting pregnant and women who were of advanced reproductive age and now found it difficult to have children without reproductive assistance. With all the advancements in reproductive technology, the ability to have multiple gestations has been more prevalent. The risks the mother and the fetuses faces practitioners and patients with an ethical dilemma. There are various dilemmas and controversial topics that surround reproductive technology. Specifically, the number of embryos implanted into a woman during in-vitro fertilizations increases the likelihood of multiple gestations. In the event that more than one pregnancy is present, there is an option of selective reduction. In this paper, I will discuss this dilemma and apply The Moral Model. This model is an ethical decision-making tool that assists to explain the moral principles that deem this topic controversia l. I will discuss the ethics specifically about selective reduction as a result of multiple gestations related to in-vitro fertilization. Keywords: multi-fetalShow MoreRelatedRole of Ministry of Health in Malaysia6759 Words   |  28 Pagesissues of sexual education, puberty, family planning, birth control, infertility, reproductive system disease (including sexually transmitted diseases) and sexual dysfunction. In women, reproductive medicine also covers menstruation, ovulation, pregnancy and menopause, as well as gynecologic disorders that affect fertility. The field cooperates with and overlaps to some degree with gynecology, obstetrics, urology, genitourinary medicine, medical endocrinology, pediatric endocrinology, genetics, andRead MoreA 3000 Word Essay Identifying Two Public Health Issues Pertinent to Clinical Placement Area; Analyse These with Reference to Appropriate Literature and Research and Discuss the Public Health Role of the Midwife.4091 Words   |  17 Pagesthese with reference to appropriate literature and research and discuss the public health role of the midwife. Word Count = 3210 Health is a broad concept, which can embody a huge range of meanings, from the narrowly technical to the all-embracing moral or philosophical. A definition of health is a state of well-being, interpreted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in it’s constitution as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’

Leadership Is Not Changed Over The Course Of Time - 952 Words

The definition of leadership has not changed over the course of time. Through a compare and contrast method of analysis, one can glean the common traits of a leader from Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Thomas More’s Utopia, and Queen Elizabeth’s speech to the Spanish Armada. Leadership can be defined as a person who is able to relate to their subjects, accept their responsibilities as a leader, and has a following of supportive people. In Queen Elizabeth’s speech to her troops at Tilbury, she evinces her positive leadership ability. Queen Elizabeth was well known, by the public, for her ability to relate to her people. She was able relate to her troops, and thus inspire them, in particular during this speech when she says, â€Å"...and therefore I am†¦show more content†¦More focuses his essay on the wrongs the current king was committing, thus he illustrates what a good leader should not do. More establishes that a leader must take responsibility for the ir followers. They must accept their role in society and be willing to put their people s’ needs before their own as he says, â€Å"Suppose I should show that men choose a king for their own sake and not for his - to be plain, that by his labor and effort they may live well and safe from injustice and wrong. For this very reason, it belongs to the king to take more care for the welfare of his people than for his own...† (More 438). By encouraging leaders to increase their effectiveness through the largesse treatment of their subjects, Moore helps to define leadership for us all. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Macbeth validates exactly what a leader should not do. As a leader, one of the most important tasks one can complete is to have a following of loyal people. That means people who follow the actions of the leader, whether they agree or not, and follow the orders they are given. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth, who was the Thane of Glamis, successfully had a large following of people. Slowly, as the play continues, he loses his supporters. In Act 5, readers are able to see his soldiers are joining Macduff’s army to fight against Macbeth. â€Å"For, where there is advantage to be given, / Both more and less have given him the revolt, / And none serve

Organizational Behavior for Conceptual Heuristic -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Conceptual Heuristic Device. Answer: Introduction In todays life, it is very critical to understand human behavior that constantly changes in relation to time and region. Behavior is definable as an individual response that is observable either directly or indirectly (Charney 2016). Personal behaviors tend to be unpredictable, always follow a prescribed pattern, and may influence other persons in an organization. Organization is definable as a collection of individuals that work together for a common goal. Therefore, organizational behavior is the process of analyzing all the collection of human dynamics in every organization, to help the management in understanding the relationships between the employers, employees and the interaction among the employees (Anteby Anderson 2014, p.16).The process of learning the organization behaviors requires an in-depth understanding of individual deferences and then as group at large. This article, therefore, looks at the theories and approaches that can be used to address some potential human be haviors that might rise in an organization. Organization behavior entails methods and ways on how to train, develop and motivate all staffs to prosper the business to higher level. The manager achieves this through ensuring that there is job satisfaction, promotion of innovativeness and leadership development (Lopez Medina 2015, p. 590). Misguided organization behavior is an obstacle to the competitiveness of an organization in the market since the success of an organization results from the morale and attitude of an individual undertaking the task. The varied characters among people in an organization cause different types of organizational behaviors in every business entity even though there should be concerted actions for specific organizations. Different organizational theories explain the causes and ways on how to go about the behaviors in an organization (Lopez Medina 2015, p. 592) .These are; Scientific Leadership, a theory that focuses on how jobs should be efficiently done by determining the organization goals and outlining the performance standards from both the departmental managers and the staffs. The theory realizes that assigning expertise to specific jobs with a time frame in a set excellent standards results in quality product and services. Human Relationship Approach theory studies the effects of different plant illumination against the staff productivity (Lopez Medina 2015, p. 594). The argument concluded into a unified approach Hawthorne effect on both the formal and informal organizations that any positive human relation affects productivity in a positive way. Decision-Making Approach mainly focuses on the decisions that are in line with the objectives of the organization. Therefore, the theory dictates that all the decisions made are environmentally restricted and always meets the minimum criteria for success. Neo Human Relations School focuses on the structures of the modern organization. The theory gave birth to other theories such as the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs that explains the necessity of staffs motivation to meet their basic needs such as safety, psychological state, love, esteem and self-actualization (Lopez Medina 2015, p. 596). The school of thought also includes; Theory X and Theory Y. The Theory X ensures that managers control the staff's behaviors and reward them appropriately when the organization needs are achievable; on the other hand, Theory Y takes an assumption that workers are capable of undertaking their tasks and the management is only to facilitate the achievement of the organizational goal through achieving an individual work. Systems Approach takes into account the input, process within the systems and output (Colwell Callaghan 2013, p. 352). It views an organization as a single union whereby one department depends on the other from the production to the sales of the products and services. Therefore, it takes into a concern of every employee in the organization. Organizational behavior is determinable by three factors, namely, individual, groups and organizational structure. All these three determiners focus on the behavioral disciplines such as psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology and political science (Kavanagh 2014). Psychology is a science that seeks in measuring, explaining and changing the behaviors of human beings. Sociology is a science that studies the relationship between persons and other people, to improve the relations among different groups of an organization. Social psychology in the other hand is a science the blends together with sociology to see how a group of people influence an individual in an organization. Anthropology is the study of a particular society about the religion, customs, education, values, and culture while Political science is the study of the power influence an individual in an environment. Because of different types of employees there are varied types of problems and challenges that if not well addressed by the management in time will lead to decreased under- performance (DeNisi 2011). The individual problems can be as a result of environmental factors, personal, psychological factors, social factors and physical factors. These problems may cause failure in an entire organization. The common problems with organizational behavior are like stubbornness or resistance to change of technological change or change of internal process. The manager can avoid such an incident through proper communication and training of the staffs. Another likely issue might be lack of motivation on the organizational growth, which will eventually affect the behavior of the teams by either not seeking out for the opportunities presented by the organization. Therefore in totality, it is upon the management to learn the cause of the problems and apply the appropriate method to solve it (Kavanagh 2014). For example, an organizational manager can understand the behavior of an employee through closely associating and observing him or her. The learned information will tell the either if the employee will be productive or will be a problem creator to the organization. Therefore it is very vital for a manager to have even a bit of psychological knowledge the manager can use different types of psychologist approaches to study the mind and behavior of an employee (Coldwell Callaghan 2013, p. 356). For example, the Big Five dimensions of personality that are emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness. The other tool is DISC an acronym of Dominance, to mean the way one will respond to challenges. Influencing means the capability of changing the personal view of another person. Steadiness means how one can react t o the pace of an environment and Compliance to say how one is responding to the set rules and regulations. Group issues might result from the differences created by the individual conflict that may lead to two or more groups of workers that do not go along (Coldwell Callaghan 2013, p. 360). Such discords are always unhealthy for an organization and therefore to be successful, the groups in an organization must dedicate their efforts towards the goal by trying to eliminate any individual difference among them. The problems always arise from poor communication styles and failures by the management to diagnose problems in time to foster cohesiveness. Organizational issues always arise when the individual problems propagate to the group problems then advance to the organization level as a result of failure by the management to take the corrective actions in time. Other organizational issues may be like high staff turnover a situation whereby the workers are not satisfied with the work and internationalization leading to employment of international employees with little knowledge of national culture. Managers are responsible for formulating and addressing all the issues that form the behaviors in an organization by taking proper action on the negatives ones and promoting the positive things (Anteby Anderson 2014, p. 20). The management should always be able to do a preliminary assessment of any complaint raised by any staff or when the manager learns of inappropriate behavior in a work place. The initial evaluation determines what the complaint is about, and to determine how to proceed with the matter (Kavanagh 2014, p. 3). The manager then proceeds to determine whether it is necessary to investigate the complaint. At some point the manager may call for counseling of an employee who has a personal conflict for example family issues or even those that struggle with alcoholism. In the investigation stage, the manager uncovers all the information required in solving the problem. At this stage, the employee is always informed of the allegations and given an opportunity to respond. I n most cases of group conflicts, the manager may opt to create good understanding between the parties by calling for both of them to dialogue and apologize to one another if the incident is minor. At while when the incident is serious, disciplinary action to be taken by the Work Laws and Agreements. Conclusion For the success of an organization, it does not depend on the organizational development, or economic understanding but rather a better understanding of each employees behavior in relation to other employees, employer, and customer. The management should understand the entire subordinate so as have a harmonious working place that will see to the fulfillment of the objectives since the success of an enterprise is ultimately depending on the employees attitude, morale and commitment. List of References Anteby, M. and Anderson, C. (2014). The shifting landscape of LGBT organizational research. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34, pp.3-25. Charney, E. (2016). Genes, behavior, and behavior genetics. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 8(1-2), p.e1405. Coldwell, D. and Callaghan, C. (2013). Specific Organizational Citizenship Behaviours and Organizational Effectiveness: The Development of a Conceptual Heuristic Device. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 44(3), pp.347-367. DeNisi, A. (2011). Managing Performance to Change Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 31(4), pp.262-276. Kavanagh, D. (2014). Talking Organization. Organization Management Journal, 11(1), pp.3-3. Lopez, E. and Medina, A. (2015). Influence of ethical behaviors in corporate governance. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 8(3), pp.586-611.

Thoreau On Thoreau Essays - Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence

Thoreau On Thoreau Philosophers, historians, authors, and politicians have spent centuries pondering the relationship between citizens and their government. It is a question that has as many considerations as there are forms of government and it is rarely answered satisfactorily. A relatively modern theorist, author Henry Thoreau, introduced an idea of man as an individual, rather than a subject, by thoroughly describing the way a citizen should live many of his works. He indirectly supplements the arguments he presents in his essay Civil Disobedience through a comprehensive selection of adages found in his other works. In particular, the phrases A simple and independent mind does not toil at the bidding of any prince and To be awake is to be alive. I have never met a man who is quite awake support many of the arguments in Civil Disobedience because they help to explicate the complex ideas Thoreau presents. The phrase A simple and independent mind does not toil at the bidding of any prince regards the responsibilities of a man to his own consciousness?it is a duty that can not be revoked by any form of tyrant. Rather than hinting at a type of anarchy, this statement merely describes each man's duty to performing justice in all his actions. This does not refer to any man's duty? to devote himself to the eradication of any, even the most enormous wrong; he may still properly have other concerns to engage him; but it is his duty, at least, to wash his hands of it, and, if he gives it no thought longer, not to give it practically his support (681). The term simple does not refer to an underdeveloped sense of morality; it describes a state of mind in which the concept of justice is so defined that contradictions cannot exist. To toil, as it is presented in this quotation, means to sacrifice ideals for the sake of conformity or law. The only real power the State holds over any individual is t he promise of brute force; it never intentionally confronts a man's sense, intellectual or moral, but only his body, his senses (687). Therefore, many acts the State requires will be unjust?they can and will force a man to slave for the sake of an ordeal he does not believe in. As Thoreau notes in Civil Disobedience, a wise man will only be useful as a man (678). In essence, Thoreau believes that a man who toils at any ruling institution's bidding simply because it bid him to do so sacrifices his own facilities as a human being. He then becomes nothing more than a man put on a level with wood and earth and stones? Command[ing] no more respect than men of straw, or a lump of dirt (678). Another quotation that helps to explicate Thoreau's Civil Disobedience is To be awake is to be alive. I have never yet met a man who was quite awake. In this phrase, Thoreau uses the term awake as an euphemism for being fully aware of one's concept of right and fully in control of one's moral and physical existence. Understandably, people who are consistently awake, in this sense of the word, are hard to find: There are nine hundred and ninety-nine patrons of virtue to one virtuous man (680). Also, the fact that Thoreau has never met a man who was quite awake implies that fully conscious individuals have difficulty existing in modern society. In fact, Thoreau believes that no man with a genius for legislation has appeared in America. They are rare in the history of the world (692). Perhaps, by the word awake, and its equation with alive, Thoreau is also referring to the ability to fulfill his own mission: I came into this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to live in, but t o live in it, be it good or bad (683). Although this concept is not a particularly unique one, it is nearly impossible to fulfill completely?but to fulfill it partially is useless. As a living being, one must cast your whole vote, not a strip of paper merely, but your whole influence (684). To truly be alive, one must be consciously satisfied with